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calypso/docs/alpha/components/bacula/BACULA-INSTALLATION.md
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Bacula Installation Guide

For Calypso Backup Appliance

Version: 1.0
Based on: Bacula Community Installation Guide
Target OS: Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS
Database: PostgreSQL 14+

1. Introduction

This guide explains how to install and configure Bacula Community edition on the Calypso backup appliance. Bacula is used for backup job management, scheduling, and integration with the Calypso control plane.

Note: This installation is integrated with Calypso's PostgreSQL database and management system.

2. Prerequisites

2.1 System Requirements

  • Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS (or compatible Debian-based system)
  • PostgreSQL 14+ (already installed by Calypso installer)
  • Root or sudo access
  • Network connectivity to download packages

2.2 Pre-Installation Checklist

  • PostgreSQL is installed and running
  • Calypso database is configured
  • Network access to Bacula repositories
  • Backup existing Bacula configuration (if upgrading)

3. Installation Methods

3.1 Method 1: Using Calypso Installer (Recommended)

The Calypso installer includes Bacula installation:

sudo ./installer/alpha/install.sh

Bacula will be installed automatically. Skip to Section 5: Configuration after installation.

3.2 Method 2: Manual Installation

If installing manually or Bacula was skipped during Calypso installation:

4. Manual Installation Steps

4.1 Install Required Packages

# Update package lists
sudo apt-get update

# Install transport for HTTPS repositories
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https

4.2 Import GPG Key

Bacula packages are signed with a GPG key. Import it:

cd /tmp
wget https://www.bacula.org/downloads/Bacula-4096-Distribution-Verification-key.asc
sudo apt-key add Bacula-4096-Distribution-Verification-key.asc
rm Bacula-4096-Distribution-Verification-key.asc

Note: For newer Ubuntu versions, you may need to use:

# For Ubuntu 24.04+
wget -qO - https://www.bacula.org/downloads/Bacula-4096-Distribution-Verification-key.asc | \
  sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/bacula-archive-keyring.gpg

4.3 Configure Bacula Repository

Create repository configuration file:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/Bacula-Community.list

Add the following (replace placeholders):

# Bacula Community Repository
deb [arch=amd64] https://www.bacula.org/packages/@access-key@/debs/@bacula-version@ @ubuntu-version@ main

Example for Ubuntu 24.04 (Noble) with Bacula 13.0.1:

# Bacula Community Repository
deb [arch=amd64] https://www.bacula.org/packages/YOUR_ACCESS_KEY/debs/13.0.1 noble main

Where:

  • @access-key@ - Your personalized access key from Bacula registration
  • @bacula-version@ - Bacula version (e.g., 13.0.1)
  • @ubuntu-version@ - Ubuntu codename (e.g., noble for 24.04)

Note: You need to register at Bacula.org to get your access key.

4.4 Alternative: Using Distribution Packages

If you don't have a Bacula access key, you can use Ubuntu's default repository:

# Add to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/Bacula-Community.list
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble universe

Then install from Ubuntu repository:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y bacula-postgresql

Note: Ubuntu repository may have older versions. For latest features, use official Bacula repository.

4.5 Update Package Lists

sudo apt-get update

4.6 Install PostgreSQL (if not installed)

Calypso installer should have already installed PostgreSQL. If not:

sudo apt-get install -y postgresql postgresql-client postgresql-contrib
sudo systemctl enable postgresql
sudo systemctl start postgresql

4.7 Install Bacula Packages

Install Bacula with PostgreSQL backend:

sudo apt-get install -y bacula-postgresql

During installation, you'll be prompted:

  • Configure database for bacula-postgresql with dbconfig-common? → Choose Yes
  • Enter and confirm database password

This will:

  • Create Bacula database
  • Create Bacula database user
  • Initialize database schema
  • Configure basic Bacula services

4.8 Install Additional Components (Optional)

# Install Bacula client (for local backups)
sudo apt-get install -y bacula-client

# Install Bacula console (management tool)
sudo apt-get install -y bacula-console

# Install Bacula Storage Daemon
sudo apt-get install -y bacula-sd

# Install aligned plugin (for ZFS deduplication)
sudo apt-get install -y bacula-aligned

5. Post-Installation Configuration

5.1 Verify Installation

Check installed packages:

dpkg -l | grep bacula

Check services:

sudo systemctl status bacula-dir
sudo systemctl status bacula-sd
sudo systemctl status bacula-fd

5.2 Directory Structure

Bacula installs to /opt/bacula/:

/opt/bacula/
  bin/          - Bacula binaries
  etc/          - Configuration files
  lib/          - Shared libraries
  plugins/      - Plugins (bpipe, aligned, etc.)
  scripts/      - Helper scripts
  working/      - Temporary files, PID files

5.3 Configuration Files

Main configuration files:

  • /opt/bacula/etc/bacula-dir.conf - Director configuration
  • /opt/bacula/etc/bacula-sd.conf - Storage Daemon configuration
  • /opt/bacula/etc/bacula-fd.conf - File Daemon configuration
  • /opt/bacula/etc/bconsole.conf - Console configuration

5.4 Database Configuration

Bacula uses PostgreSQL database. Verify connection:

# Check database exists
sudo -u postgres psql -l | grep bacula

# Connect to Bacula database
sudo -u postgres psql -d bacula

# List tables
\dt

# Exit
\q

5.5 Test Configuration

Test each component:

# Test Director configuration
sudo /opt/bacula/bin/bacula-dir -t -u bacula -g bacula

# Test Storage Daemon configuration
sudo /opt/bacula/bin/bacula-sd -t -u bacula -g bacula

# Test File Daemon configuration
sudo /opt/bacula/bin/bacula-fd -t -u bacula -g bacula

6. Integration with Calypso

6.1 Database Integration

Calypso can access Bacula database directly. Ensure Calypso database user has access:

# Grant access to Calypso user (if using separate databases)
sudo -u postgres psql -c "GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public TO calypso;" bacula

6.2 bconsole Integration

Calypso uses bconsole to execute Bacula commands. Verify bconsole works:

sudo -u bacula /opt/bacula/bin/bconsole

In bconsole, test commands:

* status director
* show jobs
* quit

6.3 Service Management

Bacula services are managed via systemd:

# Start services
sudo systemctl start bacula-dir
sudo systemctl start bacula-sd
sudo systemctl start bacula-fd

# Enable on boot
sudo systemctl enable bacula-dir
sudo systemctl enable bacula-sd
sudo systemctl enable bacula-fd

# Check status
sudo systemctl status bacula-dir

7. Basic Configuration

7.1 Director Configuration

Edit /opt/bacula/etc/bacula-dir.conf:

sudo nano /opt/bacula/etc/bacula-dir.conf

Key sections to configure:

  • Director - Director name and password
  • Catalog - Database connection
  • Storage - Storage daemon connection
  • Pool - Backup pool configuration
  • Schedule - Backup schedules
  • Client - Client definitions

7.2 Storage Daemon Configuration

Edit /opt/bacula/etc/bacula-sd.conf:

sudo nano /opt/bacula/etc/bacula-sd.conf

Key sections:

  • Storage - Storage daemon name
  • Director - Director connection
  • Device - Storage devices (disk, tape, etc.)

7.3 File Daemon Configuration

Edit /opt/bacula/etc/bacula-fd.conf:

sudo nano /opt/bacula/etc/bacula-fd.conf

Key sections:

  • Director - Director connection
  • FileDaemon - File daemon settings

7.4 Reload Configuration

After editing configuration:

# Test configuration first
sudo /opt/bacula/bin/bacula-dir -t -u bacula -g bacula

# If test passes, reload via bconsole
sudo -u bacula /opt/bacula/bin/bconsole
* reload
* quit

# Or restart service
sudo systemctl restart bacula-dir

8. Storage Device Configuration

8.1 Disk Storage

Configure disk-based storage in bacula-sd.conf:

Device {
  Name = FileStorage
  Media Type = File
  Archive Device = /srv/calypso/backups
  LabelMedia = yes
  Random Access = yes
  AutomaticMount = yes
  RemovableMedia = no
  AlwaysOpen = no
}

8.2 Tape Storage

For physical tape libraries:

Device {
  Name = TapeDrive-0
  Media Type = LTO-8
  Archive Device = /dev/nst0
  AutomaticMount = yes
  AlwaysOpen = no
  RemovableMedia = yes
  RandomAccess = no
  MaximumFileSize = 10GB
  MaximumBlockSize = 524288
  MaximumOpenWait = 10 min
  MaximumRewindWait = 2 min
  MaximumOpenVolumes = 1
  LabelMedia = yes
  AutoChanger = yes
  ChangerDevice = /dev/sg0
  ChangerCommand = "/opt/bacula/scripts/mtx-changer %c %o %S %a %d"
}

9. Client Configuration

9.1 Adding a Client in Director

Edit /opt/bacula/etc/bacula-dir.conf and add:

Client {
  Name = client-fd
  Address = client.example.com
  FDPort = 9102
  Catalog = MyCatalog
  Password = "client-password"
  File Retention = 60 days
  Job Retention = 6 months
  AutoPrune = yes
}

9.2 Installing File Daemon on Client

On the client machine:

# Install client package
sudo apt-get install -y bacula-client

# Edit configuration
sudo nano /opt/bacula/etc/bacula-fd.conf

Configure:

Director {
  Name = bacula-dir
  Password = "client-password"
}

FileDaemon {
  Name = client-fd
  FDport = 9102
  WorkingDirectory = /opt/bacula/working
  Pid Directory = /opt/bacula/working
  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 2
  Plugin Directory = /opt/bacula/plugins
}

Messages {
  Name = Standard
  director = bacula-dir = all, !skipped, !restored
}

9.3 Test and Start Client

# Test configuration
sudo /opt/bacula/bin/bacula-fd -t -u bacula -g bacula

# Start service
sudo systemctl start bacula-fd
sudo systemctl enable bacula-fd

10. Verification

10.1 Check Services

# Check all Bacula services
sudo systemctl status bacula-dir
sudo systemctl status bacula-sd
sudo systemctl status bacula-fd

# Check logs
sudo journalctl -u bacula-dir -f
sudo journalctl -u bacula-sd -f

10.2 Test with bconsole

sudo -u bacula /opt/bacula/bin/bconsole

Test commands:

* status director
* status storage
* status client=client-fd
* show jobs
* show pools
* show volumes
* quit

10.3 Run Test Backup

Create a test job in Director configuration, then:

sudo -u bacula /opt/bacula/bin/bconsole
* run job=TestJob
* messages
* quit

11. Upgrade Procedures

11.1 Backup Configuration

Before upgrading:

# Backup configuration files
sudo cp -r /opt/bacula/etc /opt/bacula/etc.backup.$(date +%Y%m%d)

# Backup database
sudo -u bacula /opt/bacula/scripts/make_catalog_backup.pl MyCatalog
sudo cp /opt/bacula/working/bacula.sql /tmp/bacula-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d).sql

11.2 Minor Upgrade

For minor version upgrades (e.g., 13.0.1 → 13.0.2):

# Update repository version in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/Bacula-Community.list
# Update package lists
sudo apt-get update

# Upgrade packages
sudo apt-get upgrade bacula-postgresql

11.3 Major Upgrade

For major upgrades, follow Bacula's upgrade documentation. Generally:

  1. Backup everything
  2. Update repository configuration
  3. Upgrade packages
  4. Run database migration scripts (if provided)
  5. Test configuration
  6. Restart services

12. Troubleshooting

12.1 Common Issues

Issue: Database connection failed

# Check PostgreSQL is running
sudo systemctl status postgresql

# Check database exists
sudo -u postgres psql -l | grep bacula

# Test connection
sudo -u postgres psql -d bacula -c "SELECT version();"

Issue: Service won't start

# Check configuration syntax
sudo /opt/bacula/bin/bacula-dir -t -u bacula -g bacula

# Check logs
sudo journalctl -u bacula-dir -n 50

# Check permissions
ls -la /opt/bacula/working

Issue: bconsole connection failed

# Check Director is running
sudo systemctl status bacula-dir

# Check network connectivity
telnet localhost 9101

# Verify bconsole.conf
cat /opt/bacula/etc/bconsole.conf

12.2 Log Locations

  • Systemd logs: sudo journalctl -u bacula-dir
  • Bacula logs: /opt/bacula/working/bacula.log
  • PostgreSQL logs: /var/log/postgresql/

13. Security Considerations

13.1 Passwords

  • Change default passwords in configuration files
  • Use strong passwords for Director, Storage, and Client
  • Store passwords securely (consider using Calypso's secret management)

13.2 File Permissions

# Set proper permissions
sudo chown -R bacula:bacula /opt/bacula/etc
sudo chmod 600 /opt/bacula/etc/*.conf
sudo chmod 755 /opt/bacula/bin/*

13.3 Network Security

  • Use firewall rules to restrict access
  • Consider VPN for remote clients
  • Use TLS/SSL for network communication (if configured)

14. Integration with Calypso API

14.1 Database Access

Calypso can query Bacula database directly:

-- Example: List recent jobs
SELECT JobId, Job, Level, JobStatus, StartTime, EndTime 
FROM Job 
ORDER BY StartTime DESC 
LIMIT 10;

14.2 bconsole Commands

Calypso executes bconsole commands via API:

# Example command execution
echo "status director" | sudo -u bacula /opt/bacula/bin/bconsole

14.3 Configuration Management

Calypso can:

  • Read Bacula configuration files
  • Update configuration via API
  • Apply configuration changes
  • Monitor Bacula services

15. Best Practices

15.1 Regular Maintenance

  • Database backups: Regular catalog backups
  • Log rotation: Configure log rotation
  • Volume management: Regular volume labeling and testing
  • Job monitoring: Monitor job success/failure rates

15.2 Performance Tuning

  • Adjust concurrent jobs based on system resources
  • Configure appropriate block sizes for tape devices
  • Use compression for network backups
  • Optimize database queries

15.3 Monitoring

  • Set up alerting for failed jobs
  • Monitor storage capacity
  • Track backup completion times
  • Review logs regularly

16. References

17. Appendix

17.1 Default Ports

  • Director: 9101
  • Storage Daemon: 9103
  • File Daemon: 9102
  • Console: Connects to Director on 9101

17.2 Default Users

  • System User: bacula
  • Database User: bacula
  • Database Name: bacula

17.3 Important Files

  • Configuration: /opt/bacula/etc/
  • Binaries: /opt/bacula/bin/
  • Working Directory: /opt/bacula/working/
  • Logs: /opt/bacula/working/bacula.log
  • Scripts: /opt/bacula/scripts/

Document History

Version Date Author Changes
1.0 2025-01-XX Development Team Initial Bacula installation guide for Calypso